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Python Objects

OOP Core

Working with Objects

Every class instantiates objects. Understand identity, equality, and lifecycle events for predictable behavior.

Trace object lifecycleCompare objects and classes

Lifecycle​

  1. __new__ allocates memory (rarely overridden).
  2. __init__ initializes attributes.
  3. __repr__ / __str__ render human-readable info.
  4. __del__ runs when garbage collected (avoid heavy logic).

Identity vs equality​

a = Invoice(100, "Ada")
b = Invoice(100, "Ada")
print(a is b)  # False
print(a == b)  # Depends on __eq__

Mutable objects share references; copy them when needed.

Next up in your learning path

__init__ deep dive

Control initialization carefully.

Next

Dunder methods

Customize object behavior.

Behavior

Instance vs class variables

Avoid mixing attribute scopes.

Design